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The following bibliographic sources were used in JUBA's research. Specific bibliographic sources are also linked from individual person, event, venue and troupe pages.

The Bibliography contains all sources used to compile the Early Blackface Minstrelsy in Britain Database. At this stage of our data entry, most documentation you will find here will be from nineteenth century daily and weekly British journals, searched by our Research Participants; all such entries are linked to one or more of the database entries: Event, Individual, Troupe, Venue, Documentation.

Era (London) May 9, 1847: 8:2.
Era (London) September 13, 1846: 10:2.
Era (London) May 9, 1847: 8:2.
Era (London) January 12, 1851: 10:4.
Info in Record: Description of old “King’s Theatre” that originally stood on present site in Drury Lane; excerpt from the Gentleman’s Magazine.
Era (London) May 25, 1851: 15:4.
Era (London) October 3, 1847: 12:1.
Era (London) January 9, 1848: 11:4.
Era (London) November 19, 1848: 12:2.
Era (London) May 28, 1848: 10:4.
Info in Record: Description of, and poem about, the ritual of human sacrifice in Africa.
Era (London) February 4, 1849: 1:3.
Era (London) March 16, 1851: 11: 4.
Info in Record: Performance Type: Variety Performers Listed: “Mr. Clarance”; “Mr. Gilbeigh” Days & Times: “this week” Venue Name: “Norwich – Theatre Royal” Other Acts on Bill: “Agnes Primrose” Program Info: “the burlesque of Aladdin” Other: audience description/review Info About Other Categories: Other Individual Info – Mr. Clarance as Aladdin (review) Other Individual Info – Mr. Gilbeigh as Abenazar (review) Other Venue Info (lessee – Mr. J. Clarance)
Era (London) April 26, 1846: 6:2.
Era (London) October 22, 1848: 12:1.
Era (London) October 18, 1846: 10:1.
Era (London) December 2, 1849: 12:1.
Era (London) November 4, 1849: 6:2.
Info in Record: A piece about a “negro” who preferred to protect his hat (rather than his head) from rain, because the hat is his own, while his “head belong to massa”.
Era (London) August 20, 1848: 12:1.
Info in Record: Performance Type Indicated: Vocal Entertainment Troupe Name: “Henry Russell,” “the Serenaders” Days and Times: “shortly” Other Acts on Bill: Messrs. Graham and Charles, and the Lockwood Family
Era (London) April 11, 1847: 8:2.
Era (London) October 5, 1851: 7:4.
Info in Record: Racist Joke entitled “Sambo” in the “Our Carpet Bag” section. Reads as follows: “Sambo, where did the Mexicans suffer the most? – ‘Why, in de feet’ (defeat)”.
Era (London) October 15, 1848: 12:2.
Era (London) November 14, 1847: 12;2.
Era (London) January 19, 1851: 1:1.
Era (London) August 3, 1851: 1:3.
Era (London) November 19, 1843: 6:2.
Era (London) February 7, 1847: 10:3.
Era (London) September 16, 1849: 11:3.
Era (London) January 16, 1848: 11: 4.
Era (London) January 18, 1852: 11:4.
Era (London) April 13, 1851: 11:3.
Era (London) June 27, 1847: 8:3.
Era (London) August 8, 1847: 7:1.
Era (London) December 10, 1848: 12:1.
Era (London) June 22, 1851: 9:4.
Era (London) July 23, 1848: 10:4.
Era (London) August 5, 1849: 1:2.
Era (London) May 14, 1848: 11:4.
Era (London) July 27, 1851: 12:3; 12:4.
Performance Type Indicated: Exhibition Troupe Name as Given: “Kaffir and Zoolu chiefs” Performers Listed: none Days & Times Given: none Venue Name as Listed: “Dublin, Portobello Gardens” Other Acts on Bill Listed: none Program Info Listed: none Other Info in Record: other (“seeing the Kaffir and Zoolu chiefs and wife partaking of their meals”) Info About Other Categories: none Performance Type Indicated: Minstrel Show Troupe Name as Given: “Mr. Thomas and Master W. Kennedy, the Blacks” “Meesrs. Allen and Hollins, the Southern Minstrels” “Mr. Mackney” Performers Listed: “Mr. Thomas and Master W. Kennedy the Blacks” “Meesrs. Allen and Hollins, the Southern Minstrels” Days & Times Given: none Venue Name as Listed: “Manchester, The Polytechnic” Other Acts on Bill Listed: “Meesrs. Allen and Hollins, the Southern Minstrels” Program Info Listed: none Other Info in Record: reception Info About Other Categories: none Performance Type Indicated: Minstrel Show Troupe Name as Given: “Mr. Mackney” Performers Listed: “Mr. Mackney” Days & Times Given: “appears for two nights (Monday and Tuesday) on his way to Belfast” Venue Name as Listed: “Manchester, The Polytechnic” Other Acts on Bill Listed: none Program Info Listed: none Other Info in Record: reception Info About Other Categories: none
Era (London) March 30, 1851: 11: 2.
Info in Record: Performance Type: Dramatic Days & Times: “since the opening” Venue Name: “Spalding” Other Acts on Bill: “Alice Gray, and Hamlet” Program Info: “The Jewess” Other: audience Info About Other Categories: Other Venue Info (atmosphere; proprietor – “Mr. J. Douglass”)
Era (London) December 28, 1845: 6:1.
Era (London) March 3, 1844: 4:2.
Era (London) December 9, 1849: 12:3.
Era (London) December 16, 1849: 12:2-3.
Era (London) April 14, 1850: 12:3.
Era (London) May 9, 1847: 8:3.
Era (London) January 12, 1851: 10:3.
Era (London) August 24, 1851: 12;2.
Era (London) March 19, 1848: 11:4.
Era (London) October 10, 1847: 11:2.
Era (London) December 24, 1848: 11: 3.
Era (London) May 28, 1848: 11:1.
Info in Record: Notice that Pell “has arrived in London,” “with a new party of Ethiopian singers and delineators of American eccentricities.” Makes special mention of a “first rate dancer” within the troupe.
Era (London) February 4, 1849: 12:2.
Era (London) March 16, 1851: 12: 1.
Info in Record: Performance Type: Dramatic Performers Listed: “Messrs. Hurst, Donnelly, Birchenough, Bengough, Laurence, Phillipps, Pratt, Smith, and Sykes sustained the principal characters; also Mesdames Birchenough, Donnelly, and Laurence.” Venue Name: “Peterborough” Other Acts on Bill: “Bride of Lammermoor, Rose of Ettrick Vale, Luke the Labourer” Program Info: “The Jewess”; “The Stranger” Other: audience Info About Other Categories: Other Troupe Info (calendar – “The company have proceeded to Spalding”) Other Venue Info (lessee – “Mr. J. Douglas”)
Era (London) October 22, 1848: 12:1.
Era (London) November 25, 1849: 1:2.
Era (London) August 17, 1851: 1:1.
Era (London) November 4, 1849: 7:2.
Info in Record: Account of the attempted escape of eight slaves in Hawesville, Kentucky.
Era (London) July 7, 1850: 13: 2.
Era (London) August 20, 1848: 15:4.
Era (London) April 11, 1847: 8:2.
Era (London) October 5, 1851: 1:1.
Era (London) September 28, 1851
Era (London) November 21, 1847: 8:2.
Era (London) December 7, 1851: 12:2.
Era (London) April 5, 1846: 4:2.
Document Note: reprinted (in this paper) on April 12, 1846 (p4)
Era (London) February 19, 1843: 4:1.
Document Note: Repeated (in this paper), with slight variations, on Feburary 26, 1843 (4;1).
Era (London) May 4, 1851: 9:2.
Info in Record: News article discussing American Slavery. Notes that there are “nearly 3 million ‘darkies’ in the States”, and that the current situation might lead to trouble down the road.
Era (London) March 9, 1851: 11:2.
Era (London) February 7, 1847: 10:3.
Era (London) September 23, 1849: 11:4.
Era (London) October 7, 1849: 12:1.
Era (London) February 1, 1852: 11:3.
Era (London) December 7, 1851: 2:3.
Info in Record: News article about “The Kafir War”
Era (London) June 27, 1847: 8:3.
Era (London) September 22, 1850: 1: 1.
Era (London) August 8, 1847: 7:2.
Era (London) December 24, 1848: 1:3.
Era (London) December 7, 1845: 6:1.
Era (London) June 22, 1851: 10:1.
Info in Record: Review of performances by an amateur company associated with “The Guild of Literature and Art”. The author makes a joke about amateurs’ tendency to misrepresent characters by suggesting that, amongst other things, such companies might present viewers with “an Ethiopian Romeo”.
Era (London) August 5, 1849: 1:3.
Era (London) March 26, 1848: 12:1.
Era (London) May 14, 1848: 1:2.
Era (London) November 24, 1844: 6:2.
Era (London) July 9, 1843: 4:1.
Era (London) July 26, 1846: 13:3.
Era (London) January 26, 1851: 12:2.
Era (London) January 11, 1846: 6:1.
Era (London) September 28, 1851: 11:4.
Era (London) January 5, 1851: 4:1.
Note: Later, this publication also makes reference to a horse named "Brother to Shylock" competing in Manchester. (Era. January 12, 1851, 4:3.)
Era (London) April 16, 1848: 8:2.
Era (London) December 23, 1849: 10:2.
Info in Record: Brief piece – entitled “How to Make an Ethiopian” - which seems to mock minstrelsy and some of its traditions.
Era (London) September 15, 1850: 11:4.
Era (London) May 9, 1847: 11:4.
Era (London) January 19, 1851: 7:1.
Info in Record: Description of Kaffirs’ penchant for snuff, and also evidence for their ‘nastiness’. “When a colonist kills an ox, they stand round waiting for their shares. The moment the entrails are drawn, they seize on them, and swallow with the utmost avidity every part…”
Era (London) June 8, 1851: 1: 1.
Info in Record: Performance Type: Dramatic Performers Listed: “Miss Louisa Pyne” Days & Times: “Monday, the 16th inst.” Venue Name: “Theatre Royal, Haymarket” Program Info: “The Cadi; or, Amours among Moors” Other: other (composer) “music by A. Thomas”
Era (London) December 6, 1846: 8:1.
Document Note: reprinted (in this paper) on December 13, 1846 (p8)
Era (London) February 23, 1851: 11:3.
Era (London) November 19, 1848: 12:2.
Era (London) February 11, 1849: 1:2.
Era (London) July 16, 1848: 12:4.
Era (London) March 16, 1851: 12:1.