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The following bibliographic sources were used in JUBA's research. Specific bibliographic sources are also linked from individual person, event, venue and troupe pages.

The Bibliography contains all sources used to compile the Early Blackface Minstrelsy in Britain Database. At this stage of our data entry, most documentation you will find here will be from nineteenth century daily and weekly British journals, searched by our Research Participants; all such entries are linked to one or more of the database entries: Event, Individual, Troupe, Venue, Documentation.

Era (London) May 14, 1848: 11:4.
Era (London) March 30, 1851: 11: 2.
Info in Record: Performance Type: Dramatic Days & Times: “since the opening” Venue Name: “Spalding” Other Acts on Bill: “Alice Gray, and Hamlet” Program Info: “The Jewess” Other: audience Info About Other Categories: Other Venue Info (atmosphere; proprietor – “Mr. J. Douglass”)
Era (London) October 18, 1846: 10:1.
Era (London) March 3, 1844: 4:2.
Era (London) December 9, 1849: 12:3.
Era (London) August 11, 1850: 9:3.
Info in Record: editorial on slave-labour in factories; argues against factory nurseries that bring up new labourers
Era (London) May 9, 1847: 8:2.
Era (London) January 12, 1851: 10:4.
Info in Record: Description of old “King’s Theatre” that originally stood on present site in Drury Lane; excerpt from the Gentleman’s Magazine.
Era (London) May 25, 1851: 15:4.
Era (London) April 21, 1850: 11: 4.
Era (London) October 3, 1847: 12:1.
Era (London) August 10, 1851 : 12:3.
Era (London) November 19, 1848: 12:2.
Era (London) May 28, 1848: 10:4.
Info in Record: Description of, and poem about, the ritual of human sacrifice in Africa.
Era (London) February 4, 1849: 1:3.
Era (London) March 16, 1851: 11: 4.
Info in Record: Performance Type: Variety Performers Listed: “Mr. Clarance”; “Mr. Gilbeigh” Days & Times: “this week” Venue Name: “Norwich – Theatre Royal” Other Acts on Bill: “Agnes Primrose” Program Info: “the burlesque of Aladdin” Other: audience description/review Info About Other Categories: Other Individual Info – Mr. Clarance as Aladdin (review) Other Individual Info – Mr. Gilbeigh as Abenazar (review) Other Venue Info (lessee – Mr. J. Clarance)
Era (London) January 7, 1844: 3:1 .
Era (London) February 27, 1848: 12:1.
Era (London) October 22, 1848: 12:1.
Era (London) December 2, 1849: 12:1.
Era (London) November 4, 1849: 6:2.
Info in Record: A piece about a “negro” who preferred to protect his hat (rather than his head) from rain, because the hat is his own, while his “head belong to massa”.
Era (London) November 4, 1849: 7:2.
Info in Record: Account of the attempted escape of eight slaves in Hawesville, Kentucky.
Era (London) December 7, 1851: 11:3.
Era (London) August 20, 1848: 15:4.
Era (London) April 11, 1847: 8:2.
Era (London) October 5, 1851: 1:1.
Era (London) September 28, 1851
Era (London) November 21, 1847: 8:2.
Era (London) December 7, 1851: 12:2.
Era (London) February 19, 1843: 4:1.
Document Note: Repeated (in this paper), with slight variations, on Feburary 26, 1843 (4;1).
Era (London) May 4, 1851: 9:2.
Info in Record: News article discussing American Slavery. Notes that there are “nearly 3 million ‘darkies’ in the States”, and that the current situation might lead to trouble down the road.
Era (London) March 9, 1851: 11:2.
Era (London) May 10, 1846: 3:3.
Era (London) February 7, 1847: 10:3.
Era (London) February 8, 1846: 4:2.
Era (London) September 23, 1849: 11:4.
Era (London) March 15, 1846: 4:1.
Era (London) February 1, 1852: 11:3.
Era (London) December 7, 1851: 2:3.
Info in Record: News article about “The Kafir War”
Era (London) June 27, 1847: 8:3.
Era (London) August 8, 1847: 7:2.
Era (London) December 24, 1848: 1:3.
Era (London) June 22, 1851: 10:1.
Info in Record: Review of performances by an amateur company associated with “The Guild of Literature and Art”. The author makes a joke about amateurs’ tendency to misrepresent characters by suggesting that, amongst other things, such companies might present viewers with “an Ethiopian Romeo”.
Era (London) August 5, 1849: 1:3.
Era (London) September 21, 1851: 11:4.
Era (London) May 14, 1848: 1:2.
Era (London) November 24, 1844: 6:2.
Era (London) July 9, 1843: 4:1.
Era (London) January 26, 1851: 12:2.
Era (London) September 28, 1851: 11:4.
Era (London) January 5, 1851: 4:1.
Note: Later, this publication also makes reference to a horse named "Brother to Shylock" competing in Manchester. (Era. January 12, 1851, 4:3.)
Era (London) December 16, 1849: 12:2-3.
Era (London) April 14, 1844: 4:2.
Era (London) May 9, 1847: 8:3.
Era (London) January 12, 1851: 10:3.
Era (London) August 24, 1851: 12;2.
Era (London) March 19, 1848: 11:4.
Era (London) October 10, 1847: 11:2.
Era (London) March 26, 1848: 7:1.
Info in Record: notice of a meeting in aid of The Ladies' Society, "Promoting the Improvement of the Children of the Negroes and People of Colour in the British West Indies.”
Era (London) March 1, 1846: 4:2.
Document Note: reprinted (in this paper) on March 8, 1846 (p4)
Era (London) November 8, 1848: 11:1.
Era (London) May 28, 1848: 11:1.
Info in Record: Notice that Pell “has arrived in London,” “with a new party of Ethiopian singers and delineators of American eccentricities.” Makes special mention of a “first rate dancer” within the troupe.
Era (London) February 4, 1849: 12:2.
Era (London) March 16, 1851: 12: 1.
Info in Record: Performance Type: Dramatic Performers Listed: “Messrs. Hurst, Donnelly, Birchenough, Bengough, Laurence, Phillipps, Pratt, Smith, and Sykes sustained the principal characters; also Mesdames Birchenough, Donnelly, and Laurence.” Venue Name: “Peterborough” Other Acts on Bill: “Bride of Lammermoor, Rose of Ettrick Vale, Luke the Labourer” Program Info: “The Jewess”; “The Stranger” Other: audience Info About Other Categories: Other Troupe Info (calendar – “The company have proceeded to Spalding”) Other Venue Info (lessee – “Mr. J. Douglas”)
Era (London) October 6, 1850: 11:4.
Era (London) October 22, 1848: 12:1.
Era (London) November 25, 1849: 1:2.
Era (London) August 17, 1851: 1:1.
Era (London) October 11, 1846: 10:4.
Era (London) August 17, 1851: 11:4 .
Era (London) November 4, 1849: 12:2.
Era (London) September 21, 1851: ?.
Era (London) April 11, 1847: 8:2.
Era (London) October 5, 1851: 7:4.
Info in Record: Racist Joke entitled “A Con by the King of the ‘Cannibal Islands’” in the “Our Carpet Bag” section. Reads as follows: “When does a person devour his mother? – When he eats his ‘mama laid on bread’ (marmalade on bread).”
Era (London) November 21, 1847: 11:3.
Era (London) April 30, 1848: 1:2.
Era (London) December 15, 1850: 12: 2.
Era (London) August 3, 1851: 1:3.
Era (London) May 14, 1843: 4:1.
Era (London) February 7, 1847: 10:3-4.
Era (London) December 6, 1846: 10:4.
Era (London) January 23, 1848: 1:4.
Document Note: article reprinted (in this paper) on January 30 (8:3), February 6 (8:3), February 20 (8:2), 1848.
Era (London) September 23, 1849: 11:4.
Era (London) June 2, 1850: 1: 2.
Era (London) February 15, 1852: 11:4.
Era (London) November 23, 1851: 6:4.
Info in Record: A piece entitled “A Buffalo Girl”, which is a pun on the song.
Era (London) June 27, 1847: 8:1.
Era (London) March 2, 1851: 12:4.
Era (London) December 17, 1848: 1:2.
Era (London) July 6, 1851: 10:2.
Era (London) November 22, 1846: 11:2.
Era (London) August 5, 1849: 5:3.
Info in Record: Description of “The Goodwill Cups”, which notes that the base of the third cup is decorated with an image of “American Indians on horseback spearing a bison or wild bull of the prairie”.
Era (London) January 3, 1847: 7:4.
Info in Record: A piece entitled “Negro devotion at Sierra Leone”, which discusses a chapel built and supported by “liberated Africans”.
Era (London) July 16, 1843: 4:2.
Era (London) April 16, 1848: 8:2.
Era (London) December 23, 1849: 10:2.
Info in Record: Brief piece – entitled “How to Make an Ethiopian” - which seems to mock minstrelsy and some of its traditions.
Era (London) August 11, 1850: 7:4.
Info in Record: joke in Jim Crow dialect
Era (London) May 9, 1847: 11:4.
Era (London) January 19, 1851: 7:1.
Info in Record: Description of Kaffirs’ penchant for snuff, and also evidence for their ‘nastiness’. “When a colonist kills an ox, they stand round waiting for their shares. The moment the entrails are drawn, they seize on them, and swallow with the utmost avidity every part…”
Era (London) June 8, 1851: 1: 1.
Info in Record: Performance Type: Dramatic Performers Listed: “Miss Louisa Pyne” Days & Times: “Monday, the 16th inst.” Venue Name: “Theatre Royal, Haymarket” Program Info: “The Cadi; or, Amours among Moors” Other: other (composer) “music by A. Thomas”