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The following bibliographic sources were used in JUBA's research. Specific bibliographic sources are also linked from individual person, event, venue and troupe pages.

The Bibliography contains all sources used to compile the Early Blackface Minstrelsy in Britain Database. At this stage of our data entry, most documentation you will find here will be from nineteenth century daily and weekly British journals, searched by our Research Participants; all such entries are linked to one or more of the database entries: Event, Individual, Troupe, Venue, Documentation.

Era (London) March 16, 1851: 1:1.
Era (London) February 14, 1847: 10:3.
Era (London) August 25, 1844: 4:1.
Era (London) April 14, 1844: 4:2.
Era (London) September 30, 1849: 11:4.
Era (London) March 14, 1852: 12:4.
Era (London) November 2, 1851: 9:1.
Info in Record: An article detailing events in “The Unjust Caffre War”.
Era (London) December 30, 1849: 10:2.
Era (London) May 14, 1848: 1:2.
Era (London) August 1, 1847: 6:3.
Era (London) December 24, 1848: 11:4.
Era (London) April 9, 1848: 12:1.
Era (London) December 1, 1844 : 3:3.
Info in Record: A derogatory and racist song entitled “THE YANKEE BOATSWAIN’S SONG. TO THE AMERICAN SLAVE NAVY.” Selection of lyrics: “Heave away, my tight niggers, my jolly brisk blacks,— Ain’t there tar in your very complexion?—”…
Era (London) June 25, 1848: 1:3.
Era (London) June 15, 1851: 12:1.
Era (London) August 12, 1849: 11:3.
Era (London) October 5, 1851: 5:3.
Era (London) January 17, 1847: 8:1.
Era (London) April 6, 1851: 1:1.
Era (London) February 2, 1851: 1:1.
Era (London) October 6, 1850: 11: 4.
Era (London) January 28, 1849: 12.
Era (London) September 19, 1847: 8:2.
Era (London) December 30, 1849: 10:2.
Era (London) May 23, 1847: 8:3.
Era (London) August 11, 1850: 12:2.
Era (London) July 27, 1851: 1:4.
Era (London) March 25, 1849: 12: 1.
Era (London) July 1, 1849: 10:3.
Info in Record: Brief piece about a lawyer getting a “bed” in the American South.
Era (London) October 29, 1848: 1:2.
Era (London) March 4, 1849: 11:1-2.
Era (London) August 20, 1848: 11:3.
Era (London) March 16, 1851: 12:3.
Era (London) August 17, 1851: 5:1.
Era (London) September 22, 1850: 1: 1.
Era (London) November 18, 1849: 10:3.
Info in Record: A piece – taken from “Sir. J. Alexander’s ‘Acadie’” – about “tricks played upon negroes” in New Brunswick.
Era (London) April 18, 1847: 8:2.
Era (London) September 14, 1851: 1:4.
Era (London) November 7, 1847: 12:1.
Era (London) December 21, 1851: 1:2.
Era (London) March 5, 1843: 4:2.
Era (London) September 17, 1848: ?.
Era (London) August 3, 1851: 12:1.
Era (London) April 23, 1848: 11:4.
Era (London) February 21, 1847: 11:4.
Era (London) February 2, 1851: 12:2.
Info in Record: Performance Type: Cultural Performance (concert) Troupe Name: “Welsh Choral Society” Performers Listed: “Mr. E. W. Thomas was the director”; “the place of a band was supplied by Mr. W. H. Rogers” Days & Times: “on Wednesday” Venue Name: “the Mechanics’ Institute” (Liverpool) Program Info: “Judas Maccabeus” Other: audience description/review weather
Era (London) August 25, 1844: 4:1.
Era (London) October 7, 1849: 1:1.
Document Note: Repeated (in this paper), with slight variations, on October 14, 1849 (1:1).
Era (London) June 7, 1846: 14:3.
Era (London) November 9, 1851: 12:1.
Era (London) April 25, 1852: 11:2.
Era (London) April 20, 1851: 15: 2.
Info in Record: Performance Type: Variety Days & Times: “Easter” Venue Name: “Princess’s” Other Acts on Bill: “Bourcicault’s Love in a Maze” Program Info: “The Alhambra; or, The Three Moorish Princesses” Other: other (playwright – “ ‘A New Grand Spectacular Extravaganza’ by Albert Smith”)
Era (London) June 2, 1850: 1: 2.
Era (London) December 30, 1849: 10:1.
Era (London) June 28, 1846: 2:4.
Info in Record: a racial joke entitled “A Black Joke” – “Never shake hands with niggers,’ said a Yankee to an Englishman. “Why not!” inquired John Bull. “Why not!” said Jonathan, “don’t you know the critters all-us sweat marking ink?”
Era (London) May 7, 1848: 1:3.
Era (London) July 25, 1847: 11:1.
Era (London) May 5, 1850: 12:3.
Era (London) June 15, 1851: 14:2-3.
Info in Record: Article detailing the trial of “An African, whose name […] appeared to be Ruyder.” This man, who had been arrested for drunkenness and assault, worked as part of Gordon Cumming’s African exhibition, explaining the various objects in the collection to visitors. Author provides a racist and exoticized description of the prisoner, as well as some indication of his working conditions, See attached document scan for further particulars.
Era (London) June 14, 1846: 14:2.
Document Note: reprinted (in this paper) on June 21 and 28, 1846 (both p16), with dates changed accordingly
Era (London) August 12, 1849: 11:4.
Era (London) January 17, 1847: 8:1.
Era (London) January 19, 1851: 15:4.
Info in Record: Report on a shipwreck with a mulatto man one of three survivors.
Era (London) September 19, 1847: 11:4.
Era (London) December 30, 1849: 10:3.
Info in Record: Item in the “Events in Review” section which notes that “Hill, the Yankee delineator, died at Saratoga Springs from cholera” on September 30.
Era (London) April 19, 1846: 7:4.
Info in Record: News item on racist response to Indian corn in Ireland.
Era (London) May 23, 1847: 10:3.
Era (London) December 21, 1845: 6:3.
Era (London) April 14, 1844: 4:2.
Era (London) June 8, 1851: 11:2.
Era (London) March 12, 1848: 8:1.
Era (London) July 1, 1849: 12:1.
Era (London) December 24, 1848: 11:3.
Era (London) March 11, 1849: 1:1.
Era (London) December 3, 1848: 11:3.
Era (London) February 4, 1844: 6:2.
Era (London) January 2, 1848: 10:3.
“A Native Convert”. Record of conversation between the author and “Tom” with phonetic “black speak”
Era (London) April 2, 1848: 12:1.
Era (London) August 17, 1851: 10:3.
Info in Record: Book review of Captain Milman’s ‘Arthur Conway; or, Scenes in the Tropics’, published posthumously after his death in 1850. Milman’s book is an adventure story set in the ‘West India Islands.’
Era (London) September 29, 1850: 11:4.
Era (London) November 18, 1849: 10:3.
Info in Record: A piece – written in minstrel dialect – that purports to repeat a “dandy black” from Boston’s description of a potato.
Era (London) January 5, 1851: 10:4.
Info in Record: Under ‘November’ in Year in Review: “General fast and day of prayer and humiliation at Jamaica, in consequence of the ravages of the cholera and awful state of destitution throughout the island.”
Era (London) April 18, 1847: 11:3.
Era (London) May 18, 1851: 1:1.
Era (London) November 7, 1847: 12:1.
Era (London) November 12, 1848: 1:2.
Era (London) October 19, 1851: 15: 4.
Era (London) March 29, 1846: 4:2.
Era (London) April 6, 1851: 11:3.
Era (London) February 27, 1848: 12:3.
Era (London) May 7, 1843: 5:4.
Era (London) April 23, 1848: 11:3.
Era (London) February 28, 1847: 12:3.
Era (London) April 28, 1850: 12: 1.
Era (London) July 21, 1844: 6:2.
Era (London) October 7, 1849: 10:3.
Info in Record: A piece in the “Our Carpet Bag” section entitled “Origin of Negroes”. The author claims to describe the beliefs of “The lower order of Brazilians […] as to their original formation”.
Era (London) October 5, 1851: 12:1.
Era (London) April 25, 1852: 12:1.
Era (London) April 27, 1851: 12:2.
Info in Record: Performance Type: Exhibition Days & Times: “On Monday” Venue Name: “Egyptian Hall” Other Acts on Bill: “Panorama of the Nile” Program Info: “grand moving diorama of the Holy Land” Other: context description/review reception Info About Other Categories: Other Program Item Info (history) “had been removed from 53 Pall-mall, as the bill of fare for the holiday folks”
Era (London) June 2, 1850: 10: 4.