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Bibliographic Sources

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The following bibliographic sources were used in JUBA's research. Specific bibliographic sources are also linked from individual person, event, venue and troupe pages.

The Bibliography contains all sources used to compile the Early Blackface Minstrelsy in Britain Database. At this stage of our data entry, most documentation you will find here will be from nineteenth century daily and weekly British journals, searched by our Research Participants; all such entries are linked to one or more of the database entries: Event, Individual, Troupe, Venue, Documentation.

Bell's Life in London December 10, 1848: 2:5.
Bell's Life in London July 19, 1846: 2:1.
Bell's Life in London May 7, 1848: 2:1.
Bell's Life in London May 9, 1847: 2:1.
Bell's Life in London February 9, 1851: 1:5.
Info in Record: An advertisement for the Metropolitan Racing Information Office, which notes that subscribers had recently received a tip about a (winning) horse named “Lucy Neal”.
Bell's Life in London October 1, 1848: 2.
Bell's Life in London January 19, 1851: 5:5.
Info in Record: An article entitled “The Salmon Question”, which claims that for Africans, “the Devil’s colour” is white, while, for Europeans, it is black.
Bell's Life in London July 19, 1846: 2:1.
Bell's Life in London December 24, 1848: 2:1.
Document Note: Repeated (in this paper) on December 31, 1848. (2:1)
Bell's Life in London February 9, 1851: 1:5.
Info in Record: Another betting tip ad, which notes that Van Tromp previously recommended a horse called “Lucy Neale” for the Lincoln Steeple Chase. Lucy Neal ended up winning the race.
Bell's Life in London January 19, 1851: 6:4.
Info in Record: An article entitled “The Ring, More Mysteries of Milling”, which notes that Sambo and Jemmy Welsh attended Joseph Hoiles ("The Spider") is his boxing match vs. Harry Adams.
Bell's Life in London March 19, 1848: 3:4.
Bell's Life in London July 26, 1846: 2:2.
Info in Record: Reply to “Philo-Nigger” in the “To Correspondents” section. Notes that the Ethiopian Serenaders at the St. James’s Theatre are not the same as the Ethiopian Harmonists currently performing in Gravesend.
Bell's Life in London February 9, 1851: 1:5.
Info in Record: An ad for Hotspur and Osborne’s, which notes that they too had recommended “Lucy Neale” for the Lincoln Steeple Chase.
Bell's Life in London January 19, 1851: 6:5.
Info in Record: Description of a recent meeting between the boxers “Nigger Watson” and E. Roberts. Notes that Roberts wanted Watson to weigh the same as him and increased the stakes for their fight; Watson agreed, but he or his backers didn't stake their share. The stakeholder called another meeting for next day.
Bell's Life in London March 26, 1848: 2:1.
Bell's Life in London August 9, 1846: 2:5.
Bell's Life in London January 4, 1846: 1:1.
Document Note: Reprinted (in this paper) on January 18, 1846 (1:1).
Bell's Life in London February 9, 1851: 2:1.
Bell's Life in London May 16, 1847: 3:2.
Bell's Life in London January 2, 1848: 3:3.
Bell's Life in London January 19, 1851: 6:5.
Bell's Life in London December 6, 1846: 2:1.
Document Note: Repeated (in this paper), with slight variations, on December 13, 20, & 27, 1846 (all 2:1).
Bell's Life in London February 9, 1851: 5:5.
Bell's Life in London January 18, 1846: 1:1.
Bell's Life in London February 9, 1851: 2:1.
Bell's Life in London April 18, 1847: 2:1.
Bell's Life in London January 2, 1848: 3:4.
Bell's Life in London January 19, 1851: 6:5.
Bell's Life in London March 5, 1848: 2:1.
Document Note: Repeated (in this paper) on March 12, 19, 26 & April 2, 1848. (all 2:1)
Bell's Life in London December 20, 1846: 2:5.
Bell's Life in London February 9, 1851: 5:5.
Bell's Life in London January 25, 1846: 3:3.
Bell's Life in London February 9, 1851: 2:1.
Document Note: Repeated (in this paper), with slight variations, on February 16, 1851 (2:1).
Bell's Life in London January 2, 1848: 3:4.
Bell's Life in London January 19, 1851: 7:2.
Bell's Life in London December 20, 1846: 2:5.
Bell's Life in London February 9, 1851: 5:5.
Bell's Life in London February 27, 1848: 3:3.
Bell's Life in London April 25, 1847: 2:1.
Bell's Life in London February 8, 1846: 2:1.
Document Note: Reprinted (in this paper) with slight variations on February 15, 1846 (1:1).
Bell's Life in London February 9, 1851: 2:3.
Bell's Life in London May 28, 1848: 2:1.
Bell's Life in London January 19, 1851: 8:1.
Info in Record: News item about a brig that ran into a ledge of rocks one mile off of Cape Cornwall. One of the three survivors is described as a "mulatto", who kept clear of the rocks by using a plank "as a paddle" and "a piece of canvas [. . .] for a sail". The author praises the fisherman who eventually rescued the survivor.
Bell's Life in London February 9, 1851: 5:5.
Bell's Life in London February 8, 1846: 2;1.
Document Note: Reprinted (in this paper) on February 15 (1:1), 22 (2:1), and March 1, 8, 15, and 22 (all 2:1), 1846.
Bell's Life in London February 9, 1851: 3:1.
Info in Record: News item about a Slave named Henry Long who was sold in Richmond, VA for $750, “with a condition that he is to be taken south only.”
Bell's Life in London December 31, 1848: 2:1.
Bell's Life in London January 2, 1848: 2:1.
Bell's Life in London January 26, 1851: 2:1.
Bell's Life in London February 20, 1848: 3:1.
Bell's Life in London February 9, 1851: 7:1.
Info in Record: An article entitled “Fight for 10 Pounds a Side”, which notes that “Nigger Watson” and Dan Roberts seconded J. Watkins in his boxing match vs. T. Southall.
Bell's Life in London February 8, 1846: 8:3.
Bell's Life in London February 9, 1851: 3:2.
Info in Record: News item about the Opening of Parliament. Notes that the Queen’s opening speech praised the Brazilian government for adopting "new" and hopefully "efficient measures for the suppression of the atrocious traffic in slaves".
Bell's Life in London January 2, 1848: 2:1.
Document Note: Repeated (in this paper) on January 9, 16, 22 & 30, 1848. (all 2:1)
Bell's Life in London January 26, 1851: 3:2.
Info in Record: News item about a proposition recently put forward in the French Assembly, which stipulated that that anyone "'possessing, purchasing, or selling slaves,'" including those in "foreign countries" gained though "inheritance, gift, or marriage," would lose "the rights of French citizens".
Bell's Life in London February 16, 1851: 1:3.
Info in Record: Brief description of a Stallion called “Othello”.
Bell's Life in London April 23, 1848: 2:1.
Bell's Life in London February 15, 1846: 1:3.
Bell's Life in London February 9, 1851: 4:1.
Bell's Life in London March 28, 1847: 2:1.
Bell's Life in London January 26, 1851: 4:3.
Bell's Life in London December 24, 1848: 2:1.
Bell's Life in London February 16, 1851: 1:3.
Info in Record: Brief description of a Stallion called “Red Deer”, which notes that one of his ancestors was “Tippitywitchet”.
Bell's Life in London February 22, 1846: 2:1.
Bell's Life in London February 9, 1851: 4:1.
Bell's Life in London January 2, 1848: 2:1.
Document Note: Repeated (in this paper) on January 9, 16 & 22, 1848. (all 2:1)
Bell's Life in London April 4, 1847: 2:1.
Bell's Life in London January 26, 1851: 3:2.
Info in Record: Piece about sport hunting in Albania, which includes the following comment: "Albanian thorns are like fish-hooks, and as piercing as Sambo's solitary ogle."
Bell's Life in London December 24, 1848: 2:1.
Bell's Life in London February 16, 1851: 1:3.
Info in Record: Brief description of a Stallion called “The Hydra”, which notes that he was the sire of “Mark Tapley”.
Bell's Life in London April 16, 1848: 2:1.
Bell's Life in London March 1, 1846: 2:1.
Document Note: Reprinted (in this paper) on March 8, 1846 (2:1).
Bell's Life in London February 9, 1851: 4:1.
Bell's Life in London January 2, 1848: 3:3.
Bell's Life in London April 30, 1848: 2:5.
Bell's Life in London January 26, 1851: 5:2.
Info in Record: Brief piece about dog racing, which notes that the Dam of Mr. Barnett's coursing dog "Be-true" was "Black Bess”, while the Sire of Mr. Perry's "Fly" was "Othello".
Bell's Life in London January 7, 1849: 2;1.
Document Note: Repeated (in this paper), with slight variations, on January 21 & 28, 1849 (both 2:1).
Bell's Life in London February 16, 1851: 1:4.
Bell's Life in London March 15, 1846: 2:1.
Bell's Life in London February 9, 1851: 4:1.
Bell's Life in London January 26, 1851: 6:5.
Bell's Life in London January 7, 1849: 2:1.
Document Note: Repeated (in this paper), with slight variations, on January 14 & 21, 1849 (both 2:1).
Bell's Life in London February 16, 1851: 1:4.
Info in Record: An ad for Hotspur and Osborne’s, which again mentions that they had recommended “Lucy Neal” for the Lincoln Steeple Chase.
Bell's Life in London April 5, 1846: 2:1.
Bell's Life in London February 9, 1851: 4:3.
Info in Record: Listing of horses taking part in the upcoming Newmarket Craven Meeting. Includes a horse called “Dromedary”, whose mother was named “Mulatto out of Lunacy”.
Bell's Life in London February 2, 1851: 2:1.
Bell's Life in London January 7, 1849: 8:1.
Info in Record: Brief report about a “monster serpent” found aboard a ship returning to the U.S. from Africa. Owner of the ship demands ten thousand dollars for it, or “he will turn ’showman,’ and exhibit himself” the snake that “it took 126 negroes seven hours to secure.”
Bell's Life in London February 16, 1851: 1:5.
Info in Record: A piece which mentions that Mr. W.H. Williamson had also recommended “Lucy Neal” for the Lincoln Steeple Chase.
Bell's Life in London April 12, 1846: 2;1.
Bell's Life in London February 9, 1851: 4:3.
Info in Record: Listing of horses taking part in the upcoming Epsom Spring Handicap. Includes a horse called “Old Dan Tucker” and one called “Dromedary”, whose mother was named “Mulatto out of Lunacy”.
Bell's Life in London February 2, 1851: 2:1.
Bell's Life in London January 28, 1849: 2:1.
Bell's Life in London February 16, 1851: 1:5.
Info in Record: An advertisement for the Metropolitan Racing Information Office. Notes that the offices has received tips for Liverpool and Doncasters meets from the same source that recommended “Lucy Neal”.
Bell's Life in London April 12, 1846: 2:4.
Bell's Life in London December 3, 1848: 2:5.
Bell's Life in London February 9, 1851: 4:3.
Info in Record: A piece headed “nominations for the City and Suburban Handicap”. Listed horses include “The Moor, 6 yrs” and “Mark Tapley, 4 yrs”.
Bell's Life in London February 2, 1851: 3:1.
Bell's Life in London February 4, 1849: 2:1.
Bell's Life in London February 16, 1851: 2:1.