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Various, 1 Jan. 1847 -31 Dec. 1847, Various

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Event Type

Other-Raced Events

Notes

Notes
Events pertaining to other non-European ethnicities that were recorded in Bell’s Life in London, The Brighton Herald, The Bristol Mercury, The Bristol Mirror, Era, Observer, The Newcastle Chronicle, The Nottingham Journal, The Sheffield Iris and Theatrical Journal in 1847. Some references also come from documents found in the British Library, the Lambeth Public Archives, the Portsmouth Public Library, the Liverpool Record Office and Local History Library, and the University of Bristol Theatre Collection:
  • c. January 18-23: Entertainments at Astley’s Amphitheatre, London include ‘The Forty Thieves’.
  • February 24: A piece called ‘Sketches in India’ is performed at the Grecian Saloon, London.
  • March 2 & 6: J.R. Scott appears as Shylock in ‘The Merchant of Venice’ at the Olympic Theatre, London.
  • March 8-13: a Mechanical Diorama of China is exhibited at the Assembly Rooms, Bristol
  • March 8-13: ‘Flowers of the Forest’ is performed at the Theatre Royal, Adelphi, London.
  • c. March 15-27: Views of “the Battle of Sobraon” and of “the City of Cairo” are exhibited at the Panorama Royal, Leicester Square, London.
  • March 25: Selections from ‘Judas Maccabeus’ are given at the Newburgh Rooms, Brighton.
  • March 29: Hughes’ animal troupe arrives in London, with “two splendid carriages, the one drawn by four camels dressed in Egyptian paraphernalia, the other drawn by two stupendous elephants, clothed in gold cloths and oriental devices”.
  • March 29-April 18: Several performances of ‘The Bride of Abydos’ at Astley’s Royal Amphitheatre, London.
  • April 5: Listed acts at Drury Lane, London include “The oratorio of ‘The Desert’” and “Mr Hughes’ wild beast stud” depicting “life in the desert and the jungle”
  • c. April 5-10: The Bedouin Arabs perform at the Surrey Theatre, London.
  • c. April 5-10: Performances of ‘The Desert, or the Imaum’s Daughter’ at Drury Lane, London. Includes an “underplot” that features “a horde of Bedouin Arabs”
  • c. April 5-10: A “gypsy drama” called ‘The Flowers of the Forest’ is produced at The Adelphi, London.
  • April 7: Henry Betty stars in ‘Pizzarro, Or the Spaniards in Peru’ at the Queen’s Theatre, Manchester
  • c. April 12-17: The bill at the Royal Victoria Theatre, London includes ‘The Forger’s Vow; or, the Bedouin Chief of Jarra’.
  • April 16: Henry Betty stars in ‘The Merchant of Venice’ at the Queen’s Theatre, Manchester
  • c. April 19: ‘The Arab and his Steed’ is performed at Cook’s Amphitheatre, Manchester.
  • c. April 19-May 1: Further performances by the Bedouin Arabs at the Surrey Theatre, London.
  • c. April 20: Dr. Mendelssohn conducts ‘Elijah’ at the Free Trade Hall, Manchester.
  • April 23: The entertainments at the Theatre Royal, Sheffield include ‘The Demon of the Desert’.
  • c. April 24: ‘Guy Mannering’ is amongst the pieces performed at the Adelphi Theatre, Glasgow.
  • c. April 26-May 1: More performances of ‘The Desert, or the Imaum’s Daughter’ at Drury Lane, London.
  • May 3: A benefit performance at Drury Lane, London includes the “musical play of Guy Mannering; or, The Gipsy’s Prophecy” and the “operatic spectacle, called The Desert; or The Imaum’s Daughter”
  • c. May 3-8: The Theatre Royal, Adelphi, London is home to another production of ‘Flowers of the Forest’.
  • May 5: The “native Bedouin Arab Tribes” appear “a Grand Oriental Festival, in the Halls of Abd-el-Kader” at the Theatre Royal, Liverpool.
  • May 5: ‘Pizarro’ is performed in Gainsborough.
  • c. May 10: The “Arabs from the Surrey” are amongst the acts on the bill at the Theatre Royal, Liverpool.
  • c. May 3-8: A benefit at the Theatre Royal, Adelphi, London includes a performance of ‘Flowers of the Forest’.
  • c. May 24-29: The attractions at the Sheffield Summer Fair include peep shows of “battles fought in the late wars in India”
  • May 24-June 5: A piece called ‘Aben Hassen’ is amongst the acts on the variety bill at the Grecian Saloon, London.
  • June 21-26: ‘Illusion, or the Trances of Mourjahad’ is performed at the Theatre Royal, Newcastle.
  • c. June 1 - July 30: Nightly performances by The Bedouin Arabs at Vauxhall Gardens, London.
  • June 25: Entertainments at the Theatre Royal, Newcastle include ‘Sketches in India’.
  • June 26: Royal Command performance at the St. James Theatre, London, featuring The Bedouin Arabs.
  • c. June 28-July 3: The Bedouin Arabs perform in the presence of the Queen, at Vauxhall Gardens, London.
  • July 5-8: Attractions at the Grand Fetes at the Royal Gardens, Brighton include “Gypsy Encampments”.
  • July 13, 17: The Bedouin Arabs perform at the Swiss Gardens, Shoreham.
  • July 14: ‘The Governor’s Wife’ is performed in Yarmouth.
  • July 26-30: In addition to The Bedouin Arabs, the nightly entertainments at Vauxhall Gardens, London also include an Equestrian Dance by Madame Lejars entitled “La Boemiene Arabes!”
  • July 29: Astley’s Circus performs at Batty’s Royal Arena, Portsmouth. The acts include “a grand Cavalcade, entitled the Halt of the Arab Horde” and “Mr. J. Powell in a splendid Act as The Chinese Enchanter!”
  • August 2-September 23: The Bedouin Arabs and Santa Ameson & Son are amongst the acts featured in the nightly entertainments at Vauxhall Gardens, London.
  • August 9: Ramo Samee participates in a Gala at the Bristol Zoological Gardens.
  • c. August 16-21: ‘Aben Hassen’ is again amongst the acts on the variety bill at the Grecian Saloon, London.
  • c. August 16-21: Performances of ‘The Bride of Abydos’ at Astley’s Royal Amphitheatre, London.
  • c. August 16-21: Exhibition of a “Chinese Collection” at “Fair-field, near the Church, Bow, Xin Teen, ‘Golden Palace’”
  • c. August 16-21: Grisi appears “as Egypt’s queen” in Rossini’s ‘Semiramide’ at the Royal Italian Opera, London
  • c. August 31: The ballet ‘La Esmeralda’ is performed at Her Majesty’s Theatre, London.
  • c. September 13: Henry Betty appears as Shylock (in ‘The Merchant of Venice’) in Warwick.
  • c. September 13-18: ‘The Merchant of Venice’ is also produced in Arbroath, with Mr. Dickinson as Shylock.
  • c. September 13-18: An extravaganza, which includes a parodic version of Shylock amongst its characters, is performed at the Adelphi Theatre, London.
  • c. September 18: Performance of ‘The Bohemian Girl’ in Bath.
  • c. September 27-October 9: Ramo Samee appears on the variety bill at Doughty’s Concert Room, Bristol.
  • September 29-30: The Bedouin Arabs perform (in the interval between dramatic pieces) at the Theatre Royal, Brighton.
  • October 1: The Bedouin Arabs & Santa Amesou and Son appear after dramatic pieces at the Theatre Royal, Brighton.
  • October 2-9: Several performances featuring The Bedouin Arabs, Signor Rochez and the Mexican prodigy, and the Infant Amazon at the Theatre Royal, Brighton.
  • c. October 2-9: ‘The Creole’ is amongst the dramatic offerings in Barnstaple.
  • October 11-15: ‘This House to be Sold’ is performed at the Theatre Royal, Sheffield.
  • c. October 11-16: The Bedouin Arabs perform in Birmingham
  • c. October 19: The Temperance Hall, London features an amateur production of ‘The Merchant of Venice’
  • October 23: Performance of ‘The Merchant of Venice’ at the Theatre Royal, Brighton.
  • October 25, 26, 28: Anna Kell plays the “Queen of the Gipsies” in ‘The Bohemian Girl’ at the Theatre Royal, Newcastle.
  • October 27: The entertainments at the Theatre Royal, Nottingham include ‘Flowers of the Forest’.
  • c. November 4-6: The ‘Mexican Wonders’ (Santa Amesou & Son) and The Bedouin Arabs perform at the Theatre Royal, Liverpool.
  • November 8-10: The entertainments at the Theatre Royal, Sheffield include ‘Flowers of the Forest’.
  • November 22-December 4: The Bedouin Arabs and Santa Ameson & Son perform frequently at the Theatre Royal, Sheffield.
  • c. November 29: The first night of ‘St. George and the Dragon’ at Cooke’s Royal Circus, Bristol.
  • November 29-December 2: ‘Flowers of the Forest’ is performed at the Theatre Royal, Newcastle.
  • c. December 6-19: The nightly variety bill at the Casino de Venise, London features the Bedouin Arabs and Santa Ameson and his infant son (the “Mexican Wonders”)
  • December 15: The entertainments at the Theatre Royal, Newcastle include ‘The Merchant of Venice’.
  • c. December 20-25: The Bedouin Arabs perform at the Holborn Casino, London.
  • December 21: Performance of ‘Pizarro’ at the Royal Standard Theatre, London.
  • December 27: The performances at the Casino de Venise include the vaulting and somersaulting of the “celebrated Bedouin Arabs.”
  • December 29: The Bedouin Arabs perform at Drury Lane, London.

Event Details

Troupe: Various
Venue Type: Various
Location: Various
County: Various
Type: Other-Raced Events

Date

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Event Program

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Title Performed Person / Troupe Notes Type

Bibliographic Sources

View a list of abbreviations.

  • Theatrical Journal (London) September 25, 1847: 310:2.
    Info in Record:
    • Another (extended) description of H. Betty’s interpretation of Shylock in a recent performance of The Merchant of Venice in Warwick.
  • Sheffield Iris December 2, 1847: Referenced in University of Bristol, Barker Collection.
    Info in Record:
    • Advertisement for 2 further performances Theatre Royal, Sheffield (December 2, 4, 1847) featuring performances by the Bedouin Arabs and Santa Ameson and his infant son.
  • Theatrical Journal (London) May 15, 1847: 155:1.
    Info in Record:
    • Description of a performance (at the Liverpool Theatre Royal the previous Monday) involving a troupe of “Arabs from the Surrey”.
  • Theatrical Journal (London) June 5, 1847: 180:2.
    Info in Record:
    • Brief description/review of recent performances by the Bedouin Arabs at Vauxhall.
  • Theatrical Journal (London) June 26, 1847: 203:2.
    Info in Record:
    • Brief description/review of recent performances by the Bedouin Arabs at Vauxhall.
  • Theatrical Journal (London) August 21, 1847: 272:2.
    Info in Record:
    • Brief mention of the popularity of recent performances by the Bedouin Arabs at Vauxhall Gardens (London). The author also mentions that the troupe has been re-engaged as a result of this success.
  • Theatrical Journal (London) September 18, 1847: 300:2.
    Info in Record:
    • Description of an extravaganza recently performed at the Adelphi Theatre (London). In the piece, a man purchases Shakespeare’s home and dreams that the bard and his lead characters (including Othello & Shylock) appear to him. Shylock is described as wanting to become a theatre manager, “like others of his tribe”.
  • Theatrical Journal (London) September 18, 1847: 303:2.
    Info in Record:
    • Brief notice of a performance of The Merchant of Venice (with H. Betty as Shylock) in Warwick the previous Monday.
  • Theatrical Journal (London) September 18, 1847: 303:2.
    Info in Record:
    • Review of a recent performance of The Merchant of Venice, starring Mr. Dickinson as Shylock, in Arbroath.
  • University of Bristol, Kathleen Barker Collection KB/3: Sheffield Theatre Royal Index. Oct. 11, 1847:
    Info in Record:
    • Listing of entertainments offered at the Theatre Royal, Sheffield on Monday, November 29, 1847. Includes performances by the Bedouin Arabs and Santa Amson and his infant son.
  • Theatrical Journal (London) October 23, 1847: 342:2-343:1.
    Info in Record:
    • Description/review of an amateur performance of The Merchant of Venice, which took place the previous Tuesday at the Temperance Hall, Waterloo Road (London).
  • Theatrical Journal (London) December 18, 1847: 405:2.
    Info in Record:
    • Mention of upcoming performances, at the Holborn Casino (London), by “those wonderful Arabs […] who so astonished the weak nerves of the English at Vauxhall last season” (presumably the Bedouin Arabs)
  • Theatrical Journal (London) January 2, 1847: 2:1-3:1.
    Info in Record:
    • Description/review of the boxing day (1846) entertainments at Drury Lane. A pantomime entitled “Harlequin and St. George and the Dragon” is amongst the listed acts.
  • Theatrical Journal (London) March 20, 1847: 96:1.
    Info in Record:
    • Brief notice about a newly-opened exhibition of views of “the Battle of Sobraon” and of “the City of Cairo” at the Panorama Royal, Leicester Square, London.
  • Theatrical Journal (London) March 27, 1847: 98:1-99:2.
    Info in Record:
    • Extensive description of the views of “the City of Cairo” being exhibited at Leicester Square, London. Reviewer also mentions that views of “the Battle of Sobraon” are still on disply at the venue as well.
  • Theatrical Journal (London) March 27, 1847: 103:1.
    Info in Record:
    • Advertisement for the upcoming Easter Celebrations at Drury Lane. Listed acts include “The oratorio of ‘The Desert’” and “Mr Hughes’ wild beast stud” depicting “life in the desert and the jungle”
  • Theatrical Journal (London) April 3, 1847: 106:2.
    Info in Record:
    • Description of the arrival of Hughes’ animal troupe the previous Monday. Mentions “two splendid carriages, the one drawn by four camels dressed in Egyptian paraphernalia, the other drawn by two stupendous elephants, clothed in gold cloths and oriental devices”.
  • Theatrical Journal (London) April 10, 1847: 113:2-114:1.
    Info in Record:
    • Review of ‘The Desert; or, the Imaum’s Daughter’, as produced at Drury Lane the previous Monday evening.
  • Sheffield Iris November 25, 1847: Referenced in University of Bristol, Barker Collection.
    Info in Record:
    • Advertisement for 3 further performances Theatre Royal, Sheffield (November 25-27, 1847) featuring performances by the Bedouin Arabs and Santa Amson and his infant son.
  • Sheffield Iris November 25, 1847: Referenced in University of Bristol, Barker Collection.
    Info in Record:
    • Notice of recent performances at the Theatre Royal, Sheffield that included performances by the Bedouin Arabs and Santa Ameson and his infant son. (November 22, 23, 1847).
  • University of Bristol, Kathleen Barker Collection KB/3: Sheffield Theatre Royal Index. Nov. 8, 1847:
    Info in Record:
    • Listing of pieces performed at the Theatre Royal, Sheffield on November 8, 1847. Includes Flowers of the Forest.
  • Sheffield Iris November 4, 1847: Referenced in University of Bristol, Barker Collection.
    Info in Record:
    • Listing of the pieces to be performed at the Theatre Royal, Sheffield on November 8, 1847. Includes Flowers of the Forest.
  • Sheffield Iris June 3, 1847: Referenced in University of Bristol, Barker Collection.
    Info in Record:
    • Description of the recent Sheffield Summer Fair, which notes the following: “Amongst the peep shows were all the battles fought in the late wars in India…”
  • Sheffield Iris April 22, 1847: Referenced in University of Bristol, Barker Collection.
    Info in Record:
    • Listing of the pieces to be performed at the Theatre Royal, Sheffield on April 23, 1847. Includes The Demon of the Desert.
  • Newcastle Chronicle December 17, 1847: Referenced in University of Bristol, Barker Collection.
    Info in Record:
    • Review of recent entertainments at the Theatre Royal, Newcastle, Notes that The Merchant of Venice was performed on December 15.
  • University of Bristol, Kathleen Barker Collection KB/2: Newcastle Theatre Royal Index, Nov. 30, 1847:
    Info in Record:
    • Listing of the entertainments on offer at the Theatre Royal, Newcastle on November 30, 1847. Includes The Flowers of the Forest.
  • Newcastle Chronicle November 26, 1847: Referenced in University of Bristol, Barker Collection.
    Info in Record:
    • Listing of the entertainments at the Theatre Royal, Newcastle on November 29, 1847. Includes Flowers of the Forest.
  • Newcastle Chronicle October 29, 1847: Referenced in University of Bristol, Barker Collection.
    Info in Record:
    • Review of performances of Balfe’s Opera The Bohemian Girl at the Theatre Royal, Newcastle on October 25, 26, 28, 1847. The author states: “Miss Anna Kell’s Queen of the Gipsies, was played very well.”
  • University of Bristol, Kathleen Barker Collection KB/2: Newcastle Theatre Royal Index, June 25, 1847:
    Info in Record:
    • Listing of the entertainments on offer at the Theatre Royal, Newcastle on June 25, 1847. Includes Sketches in India.
  • Newcastle Chronicle June 25, 1847: Referenced in University of Bristol, Barker Collection.
    Info in Record:
    • Review of the performance of Illusion, or, The Trances of Mourjahad at the Theatre Royal, Newcastle on June 21, 1847.
  • University of Bristol, Kathleen Barker Collection KB/2: Newcastle Theatre Royal Index, June 22, 1847:
    Info in Record:
    • Listing of the entertainments on offer at the Theatre Royal, Newcastle on June 22, 1847. Includes Illusion.
  • Newcastle Chronicle June 18, 1847: Referenced in University of Bristol, Barker Collection.
    Info in Record:
    • Listing of the entertainments at the Theatre Royal, Newcastle on June 21, 1847. Includes a piece called Illusion, or, The Trances of Mourjahad.
  • University of Bristol, Kathleen Barker Collection KB/1: Nottingham Theatre Royal Index Oct. 27, 1847:
    Info in Record:
    • Listing of the entertainments at the Theatre Royal, Nottingham on October 27, 1847. Includes Flowers of the Forest
  • Era (London) May 2, 1847: 8:2.
    Info in Record:
    • Advertisement for an upcoming performance of ‘The Flowers of the Forest’ at the Theatre Royal, Adelphi.
  • Era (London) December 19, 1847: 8:2.
    Info in Record:
    • Advertisement for a performance of ‘Pizarro’, at the Royal Standard Theatre the following Tuesday.
  • Era (London) October 10, 1847: 11:4.
    Info in Record:
    • Brief mention of recent performances of ‘The Creole’ in Barnstaple.
  • Era (London) September 26, 1847: 11:3.
    Info in Record:
    • Review of a performance of ‘The Bohemian Girl’, which took place in Bath the preceding Saturday (seemingly September 18, 1847).
  • Era (London) August 1, 1847: 8:4.
    Info in Record:
    • Piece detailing upcoming entertainments at Vauxhall Gardens, London. Listed acts include “the Bedouin Arabs”
  • Era (London) July 25, 1847: 11:1.
    Info in Record:
    • Mention of a production of ‘The Governor’s Wife’ in Yarmouth on July 14.
  • Era (London) July 4, 1847: 11:3.
    Info in Record:
    • Discussion of the entertainments at Vauxhall the previous Monday evening. “Arab vaulters” are amongst the acts mentioned.
  • British Library, BL Mic. C. 13137 Playbills 251: April 16, 1847 (Queen's):
    Info in Record:
    • Playbill advertising a performance of “The Merchant of Venice”, starring Mr. H. Betty, at the Queen’s Theatre, Manchester, on April 16, 1847.
  • British Library, BL Mic. C. 13137 Playbills 251: April 14, 1847 (Queen's):
    Info in Record:
    • Playbill advertising a performance of “The Merchant of Venice”, starring Mr. H. Betty, at the Queen’s Theatre, Manchester, on April 16, 1847.
  • British Library, BL Mic. C. 13137 Playbills 251: April 12, 1847 (Queen's):
    Info in Record:
    • Playbill advertising a performance of “The Merchant of Venice”, starring Mr. H. Betty, at the Queen’s Theatre, Manchester, on April 16, 1847.
  • British Library, BL Mic. C. 13137 Playbills 251: April 7, 1847 (Queen's):
    Info in Record:
    • Playbill advertising Henry Betty in “Pizzarro, Or the Spaniards in Peru” at the Queen’s Theatre, Manchester on Wednesday, April 7th, 1847.
  • British Library, BL Mic. C. 13137 Playbills 396: Oct. 15, 1847 (Sheffield TR):
    Info in Record:
    • Playbill listing a performance of “This House to be Sold, The Property of the Late William Shakspere, Enquire Within” (which includes a Shylock character) at the Theatre Royal, Sheffield on October 15th, 1847
  • Era (London) June 27, 1847: 8:1.
    Info in Record:
    • Advertisement for an upcoming performance at Vauxhall, during which the Bedouin Arabs are to perform in the presence of the Queen.
  • Era (London) May 9, 1847: 11:4.
    Info in Record:
    • Mention of a performance of ‘Pizarro’ in Gainsborough the preceding Wednesday evening.
  • Era (London) May 9, 1847: 8:2.
    Info in Record:
    • Advertisement for Paul Bedford’s benefit at the Theatre Royal Adelphi on Friday, May 14. ‘The Flowers of the Forest’ is amongst the billed entertainments.
  • Era (London) May 2, 1847: 11:1.
    Info in Record:
    • Listing of entertainment at the Theatre Royal, Liverpool. The Bedouin Arabs are the opening feature.
  • Nottingham Journal October 1, 1847: Referenced in University of Bristol, Barker Collection.
    Info in Record:
    • Notice that Flowers of the Forest is in preparation for performance at the Theatre Royal, Nottingham.
  • Era (London) April 25, 1847: 11:4.
    Info in Record:
    • Review of a performance of ‘Elijah’, “conducted by Dr. Mendelssohn in person”, at the Free Trade Hall, Manchester the previous Tuesday.
  • Era (London) April 25, 1847: 11:4.
    Info in Record:
    • Piece concerning recent entertainments at Cook’s Amphitheatre, Manchester, which notes that ‘The Arab and his Steed’ was produced at the venue the preceding Monday.
  • Era (London) April 25, 1847: 11:4.
    Info in Record:
    • Review of entertainments, including ‘Guy Mannering’, at the Adelphi Theatre, Glasgow the previous Saturday.
  • Era (London) April 25, 1847: 8:1.
    Info in Record:
    • Notice that the Bedouin Arabs have been engaged for 6 more nights at the Royal Surrey.
  • Era (London) April 18, 1847: 8:1.
    Info in Record:
    • Advertisement for the last six nights of the Bedouin Arabs at the Royal Surrey Theatre.
  • Era (London) April 11, 1847: 10:4-11:1.
    Info in Record:
    • Review of recent performances at the Surrey Theatre, London. According to the reviewer, "the Grand novelty of the evening was the 'Arab Festival'…"
  • Era (London) April 11, 1847: 10:3.
    Info in Record:
    • Review of an Easter production of ‘The Flowers of the Forest’ at the Adelphi Theatre, London.
  • Era (London) April 11, 1847: 8:2.
    Info in Record:
    • Ad announcing performances of ‘The Forger’s Vow; or, the Bedouin Chief of Jarra’ at the Royal Victoria Theatre during the ensuing week.
  • Era (London) April 4, 1847: 11:3.
    Info in Record:
    • A description of the “Bedouin Arabs”, who have been engaged to perform at the Royal Surrey Theatre.
  • Era (London) April 4, 1847: 8:1.
    Info in Record:
    • Advertisement for the first appearance in England of the “Bedouin Arabs”, to take place at the Royal Surrey Theatre.
  • Era (London) March 7, 1847: 8:1.
    Info in Record:
    • Ad announcing a performance of ‘Flowers of the Forest’ at the Theatre Royal, Adelphi the following Thursday.
  • Era (London) March 28, 1847: 8:1.
    Info in Record:
    • Notice that a “Troop of Real Bedouin Arabs” has been engaged to appear at the Royal Surrey Theatre.
  • Era (London) January 17, 1847: 8:1.
    Info in Record:
    • Advertisement for upcoming entertainments at Astley’s Royal Amphitheatre, London. Listed acts include ‘The Forty Thieves’.
  • Theatrical Journal (London) April 24, 1847: 130:1.
    Info in Record:
    • Description/review of entertainments at the Surrey Theatre, London during the previous week. The Bedouin Arabs are amongst the acts mentioned.
  • Theatrical Journal (London) April 10, 1847: 114:2.
    Info in Record:
    • Notice of a performance by the Bedouin Arabs at the Surrey Theatre, London.
  • Lambeth Public Archives, Vauxhall Gardens Collection 1822-54 Book, Playbill (September 13, 1847):
    Info in Record:
    • Playbill listing the entertainments to be offered at Vauxhall Gardens, London during the week of September 13, 1847. Includes performances by “The Bedouin Arabs” and “Santa Amesou and his Infant Son”. Also mentions past performances by the “Bedouin Arabs” at the St. James’s Theatre, London on June 26th, 1847.
  • Lambeth Public Archives, Vauxhall Gardens Collection 1822-54 Book, Playbill (August 23, 1847):
    Info in Record:
    • Performance Type: Exhibition?
    • Troupe Name: “The Bedouin Arabs,”
    • Days & Times: “Saturday, June 26th
    • Venue Name: “St. James’s Theatre”
    • Other: audience, reception,
  • Lambeth Public Archives, Vauxhall Gardens Collection 1822-54 Book, Playbill (July 5, 1847):
    Info in Record:
    • Performance Type: Exhibition?
    • Troupe Name: “The renowned Bedouin Arabs,”
    • Days & Times: “Saturday, the 26th June”
    • Venue Name: “St. James’s Theatre”
    • Other: audience, reception,
  • Lambeth Public Archives, Vauxhall Gardens Collection 1822-54 Book, Playbill (July 12, 1847):
    Info in Record:
    • Playbill listing the entertainments to be offered at Vauxhall Gardens, London during the week of July 12, 1847. Includes performances by “The renowned Bedouin Arabs”. Also mentions past performances by the “Bedouin Arabs” at the St. James’s Theatre, London on June 26th, 1847.
  • Lambeth Public Archives, Vauxhall Gardens Collection 1822-54 Book, Playbill (July 26, 1847):
    Info in Record:
    • Vauxhall Playbill for the week of July 26. In addition to Collins, the bill also featured the Bedouin Arabs and “La Boemiene Arabes! A New Dance invented and executed by Madame Lejars” (Equestrian)
  • Lambeth Public Archives, Vauxhall Gardens Collection 1822-54 Book, Playbill (July 26, 1847):
    Info in Record:
    • Performance Type: Exhibition?
    • Troupe Name: “The renowned Bedouin Arabs,”
    • Days & Times: “Saturday, the 26th June”
    • Venue Name: “St. James’s Theatre”
    • Other: audience, reception
  • Lambeth Public Archives, Vauxhall Gardens Collection 1822-54 Book, Playbill (June 21, 1847):
    Info in Record:
    • Playbill listing the entertainments to be offered at Vauxhall Gardens, London during the week of June 21, 1847. Includes performances by “The renowned Bedouin Arabs”.
  • Lambeth Public Archives, Vauxhall Gardens Collection 1822-54 Book, Playbill (September 6, 1847):
    Info in Record:
    • Playbill listing the entertainments to be offered at Vauxhall Gardens, London on September 6, 1847. Includes performances by “The renowned Bedouin Arabs”. Also mentions past performances by the “Bedouin Arabs” at the St. James’s Theatre, London on June 26th, 1847.
  • Lambeth Public Archives, Vauxhall Gardens Collection 1822-54 Book, Playbill (September 7, 1847):
    Info in Record:
    • Playbill listing the entertainments to be offered at Vauxhall Gardens, London during the week of September 7, 1847. Includes performances by “The Bedouin Arabs” and “Santa Amesou and his Infant Son”. Also mentions past performances by the “Bedouin Arabs” at the St. James’s Theatre, London on June 26th, 1847.
  • Lambeth Public Archives, Vauxhall Gardens Collection 1822-54 Book, Playbill (August 23, 1847):
    Info in Record:
    • Performance Type: Variety
    • Troupe Name: “The Bedouin Arabs,” “The Mexican Wonders, Santa Amesou [sic] and his Infant Son,”
    • Days & Times: “Monday, Aug 23, and Every Night during the Week, (Saturday Excepted)”
    • Venue Name: “Royal Gardens, Vauxhall”
    • Other Acts on Bill: Complete listing; see attached document scan
    • Program Info: Bedouin Arabs “will nightly display their unrivalled Feats of Agility and Strength,” “Santa Ameson and his Infant Son, will give, a-la-Risley, their Novel & Graceful Calisthenic and Gymnastic Exercises,”
    • Other: performance time, ticket info, other (venue info – patronage, staff, history, etc.), other (surrounding events at venue)
  • Lambeth Public Archives, Vauxhall Gardens Collection 1822-54 Book, Playbill (September 20, 1847):
    Info in Record:
    • Performance Type: Variety
    • Troupe Name: “The Bedouin Arabs,” “The Mexican Wonder. Santa Amersou and his Infant Son”
    • Days & Times: “Monday, September 20th, and Three Following Nights.” “Positively the Last 4 Nights.”
    • Venue Name: “Royal Gardens, Vauxhall”
    • Other Acts on Bill: Complete listing; see attached document scan
    • Program Info: Bedouin Arabs “will nightly display their unrivalled Feats of Agility and Strength,” Mexican Wonders “will give (a-la-Risley) their Novel and Graceful Calisthenic and Gymnastic Exercises”
    • Other: audience, performance time, ticket info, other (venue info – patronage, staff, history, etc.), other (surrounding events at venue)2022
  • Lambeth Public Archives, Vauxhall Gardens Collection 1822-54 Book, Playbill (September 20, 1847):
    Info in Record:
    • Performance Type: Variety
    • Days & Times: “during the past week”
    • Venue Name: “Royal Gardens, Vauxhall”
    • Other: weather (gardens closed 2 nights) other (venue info – patronage, staff, history, etc.),
  • Lambeth Public Archives, Vauxhall Gardens Collection 1822-54 Book, Playbill (September 20, 1847):
    Info in Record:
    • Performance Type: Exhibition?
    • Troupe Name: “The Bedouin Arabs,”
    • Days & Times: “Saturday June 26th”
    • Venue Name: “St. James’s Theatre”
    • Other: audience, reception
  • Lambeth Public Archives, Vauxhall Gardens Collection 1822-54 Book, Ticket (September 20, 1847):
    Info in Record:
    • Playbill listing the entertainments to be offered at Vauxhall Gardens, London during the week of September 20, 1847. Includes performances by “The Bedouin Arabs” and “Santa Amesou and his Infant Son”. Also mentions past performances by the “Bedouin Arabs” at the St. James’s Theatre, London on June 26th, 1847.
  • Bell’s Life in London April 4, 1847: 3:1.
    Info in Record:
    • Performance Type: Dramatic
    • Performers Listed: Rafter, Miss Messent, Harley
    • Venue Name: Drury-Lane Theatre
    • Program Info: “The Desert, or the Imaum’s Daughter” , “adapted from Moore’s oriental romance of “Lalla Rookh”, Music by “Felicien David, from his well-remembered symphonia, “The Desert”.” “An underplot has been introduced for dramatic effect, embracing a horde of Bedouin Arabs and their Chief Barek.”
    • Other: description/review
  • Bell’s Life in London April 4, 1847: 3:1.
    Info in Record:
    • Performance Type: Dramatic
    • Troupe Name: “Bedouin Arabs”
    • Venue Name: Surrey Theatre
    • Other Acts on Bill: “Two new dramas will be launched.”
    • Program Info: “The introduction of a troupe of Bedouin Arabs”
    • Other: description/review, other (performance context - Similar troupes previously performed at the Surrey Theatre and Adelphi Theatre with great success.)
  • Bell’s Life in London April 11, 1847: 3:2.
    Info in Record:
    • Performance Type: Dramatic
    • Troupe Name: “a troop of Arabs […] real natives”
    • Venue Name: The Surrey
    • Other Acts on Bill: “Discarded Daughters” (drama), “Kissing Goes by Favour” (farce), “Two Brothers of Pisa” (drama)
    • Program Info: “a specimen of the entertainments usually given at the “festivals” of the “Halls of Abd-el-Kaeder”.
    • Other: audience, description/review, reception
  • Bell’s Life in London April 11, 1847: 3:1.
    Info in Record:
    • Performance Type: Dramatic
    • Performers Listed: Madame Celeste, Miss Woolgar, Mr. Wright, Paul Bedford,
    • Venue Name: Adelphi
    • Other Acts on Bill: “The Phantom Dancers”
    • Program Info: “Mr Buckstone’s new Gypsy drama, “The Flowers of the Forest”
    • Other: audience, description/review, reception, (imagery)
  • Lambeth Public Archives, Vauxhall Gardens Collection 1822-54 Book, Playbill (August 16, 1847):
    Info in Record:
    • Performance Type: Exhibition?
    • Troupe Name: “The Bedouin Arabs,”
    • Days & Times: “Saturday, June 26th
    • Venue Name: “St. James’s Theatre”
    • Other: audience, reception,
    var
  • Lambeth Public Archives, Vauxhall Gardens Collection 1822-54 Book, Playbill (August 16, 1847):
    Info in Record:
    • Vauxhall Playbill for the week of August 16. In addition to the Sharp’s minstrel song, the bill also featured the Bedouin Arabs and Santa Ameson and his Infant Son.
  • Lambeth Public Archives, Vauxhall Gardens Collection 1822-54 Book, Playbill (August 9, 1847):
    Info in Record:
    • Playbill listing the entertainments to be offered at Vauxhall Gardens, London on August 9 & 10, 1847. Includes performances by “The Renowned Bedouin Arabs” and “Santa Ameson and his Infant Son”.
  • Bell’s Life in London December 12, 1847: 3:1.
    Info in Record:
    • Performance Type: Variety
    • Troupe Name: “The Bedouin Arabs”, “Santa Ameson and his infant son, known as the Mexican Wonders”,
    • Days & Times: “tomorrow and during the week”
    • Venue Name: Casino de Venice, High Holborn.
    • Other: description/review
  • Bell’s Life in London December 12, 1847: 2:1.
    Info in Record:
    • Performance Type: Variety
    • Troupe Name: “The Bedouin Arabs, from Vauxhall Gardens, for a short period”, “Santa Ameson and his infant son, known as the Mexican Wonders”
    • Days & Times: “tomorrow and during the week”
    • Venue Name: Casino de Venise, 218, High Holborn.
    • Other Acts on Bill: “Grand VOCAL and INSTRUMENTAL CONCERT and BALL” , “Vocalists: Miss Wells, Miss J. Wells, Miss Sidney, and Mr W. J. Sharpe”, “a selection of fashionable Polkas, Waltzes, Quadriles”, “Godfrey’s Quadrille Band”.
    • Other: audience, description/review, performance time, reception, ticket info
  • Bell’s Life in London December 5, 1847: 2:1.
    Info in Record:
    • Performance Type: Variety
    • Troupe Name: “The Bedouin Arabs, from Vauxhall Gardens, for a short period”, “Santa Ameson and his infant son, known as the Mexican Wonders”,
    • Days & Times: “tomorrow and during the week”
    • Venue Name: Casino de Venise, 218, High Holborn.
    • Other Acts on Bill: “Grand VOCAL and INSTRUMENTAL CONCERT and BALL” , “Godfrey’s Quadrille Band will perform a selection of fashionable Polkas, ”.
    • Other: audience, description/review, performance time, reception, ticket info
  • Bell’s Life in London October 10, 1847: 3:4.
    Info in Record:
    • Performance Type: Variety
    • Troupe Name: “The Bedouin Arabs, from Vauxhall Gardens”,
    • Days & Times: “next week” and afterwards
    • Venue Name: “Birmingham and from thence to the principal provincial towns in the kingdom”.
  • Bell’s Life in London October 10, 1847: 3:4.
    Info in Record:
    • Performance Type: Variety
    • Troupe Name: “The Bedouin Arabs, from Vauxhall Gardens”,
    • Performers Listed: “The Bedouin Arabs”, “Signor Rochez and the Mexican prodigy”, “the Infant Amazon”
    • Days & Times: “the past week” , “nightly”.
    • Venue Name: Brighton Theatre
    • Other Acts on Bill: “the brothers Kittler and their Tyrolean Band”
    • Other: audience, reception
  • Bell’s Life in London September 12, 1847: 2:1.
    Info in Record:
    • Performance Type: Variety
    • Troupe Name: The Bedouin Arabs
    • Days & Times: “Friday, the last night of the season”
    • Venue Name: Vauxhall
    • Other Acts on Bill: “the Equestrianism of Mdle Valentine”, “the Jouvenile Troupe of M Colombier”, “Mons and Mdlle Monfrid”, “the Kramer Family,” fireworks.
    • Program Info: “The Bedouin Arabs – they will make a leap over 5 horses without a Springboard”
    • Other: performance time, ticket info, other (venue season)
  • Bell’s Life in London April 11, 1847: 3:1-2.
    Info in Record:
    • Performance Type: Circus
    • Performers Listed: Mr. Barton, Mr. Harwood, Mr. Crowther, Miss Rosa Henry, and “The immortal Mr. Widdicombe as his own dear self in a huge Turban and Spangled Robe”
    • Venue Name: Astley’s
    • Other Acts on Bill: “Scenes from the Circle”
    • Program Info: “The Bride of Abydos”
    • Other: audience description/review imagery other (specify)” Notes that it’s a very popular piece.”
  • Bell's Life in London April 4, 1847: 2:1.
    Info in Record:
    • Performance Type: Circus
    • Days & Times: “to-morrow”
    • Venue Name: Astley’s Royal Amphitheatre
    • Other Acts on Bill: La Petite Isabelle, M. Leonard, M and Mdme Dumos, Herr Henric, Laurentz Wolf, Mr. Powel, Mr. Bell, and “the Mr. T. Barry– the popular Hibernian clown, assisted by Mr Twist, the grotesque”.
    • Program Info: “Lord’s Byron’s BRIDE OF ABYDOS; or The Corsar and the Avenger’s Steed” plus animals.
    • Other: performance time ticket info
  • Bell's Life in London March 28, 1847: 2:1.
    Info in Record:
    • Performance Type: Circus
    • Venue Name: Astley’s Royal Amphitheatre
    • Other Acts on Bill: “Mr. T. Barry – the popular Hiberian Clown,” others T.B.A.
    • Program Info: “The Bride of Abydoes”
    • Other: T.B.A.
  • Bell’s Life in London April 4, 1847: 3: 1.
    Info in Record:
    • Performance Type: Variety
    • Days & Times: “performance to-morrow”
    • Venue Name: Surrey Theatre
    • Other: description/review other (specify): mention “The Arabs … had a rehearsal on Wednesday…”
  • Bell’s Life in London February 21, 1847: 2:1.
    Info in Record:
    • Performance Type: Dramatic
    • Days & Times: “on Wednesday”
    • Venue Name: ROYAL GRECIAN SALOON
    • Other Acts on Bill: “the farce of Edwin and Emma”, “MARY COPP”; “The Happiest Day of My Life”
    • Program Info: “Sketches in India”
    • Other: performance time, ticket info, other (surrounding performances at venue)
  • Bell’s Life in London August 29, 1847: 2:1.
    Info in Record:
    • Performance Type: Variety
    • Troupe Name: “The Bedouin Arabs”
    • Days & Times: “nightly”
    • Venue Name: Vauxhall Gardens
    • Other Acts on Bill: “great French Equestrian, Mdlle Valentine, Mons and Mddlle Monfroid, Concert from Franconi’s and M Columbrier’s Troupe”, “The Tyrolese Minstrels, the Kramer family,” “Dowager,” “Signor Ameson and his infant son,” “Pantomimic Sketch from Harlequin and Mother Goose,” “Clown, Mr. T Matthews.”
    • Other: audience, description/review, performance time, reception, ticket info
  • Liverpool Record Office & Local History Library, Central Library, Liverpool Playbill (Theatre Royal) - May 5, 1847:
    Info in Record:
    • Playbill for entertainments at the Theatre-Royal, Liverpool on May 5, 1847. Following Hamlet, “the Native Bedouin Arab Tribes” are to appear in “ a Grand Oriental Festival, in the Halls of Abd-el-Kader (the Emir of the Desert)”
  • University of Bristol, Kathleen Barker Collection KB/5: Brighton Theatre Royal Index, Oct. 23, 1847:
    Info in Record:
    • Listing of the entertainments on offer at the Theatre Royal, Brighton on October 23, 1847. Includes The Merchant of Venice
  • University of Bristol, Kathleen Barker Collection KB/5: Brighton Theatre Royal Index, Oct. 2, 1847:
    Info in Record:
    • Mention of performances by the Bedouin Arabs (between dramatic pieces) at the Theatre Royal, Brighton on September 29, 1847.
  • University of Bristol, Kathleen Barker Collection KB/5: Playbills BL, F. October 1, 1847:
    Info in Record:
    • Playbill detailing the performances to be held at the Theatre Royal, Brighton on Friday, October 1. Both “the Original Bedouin Arabs” and “The Mexican Wonders, Santa Amesou and his Infant Son” are scheduled to appear after the initial dramatic pieces.1
  • Brighton Herald October 2, 1847: Referenced in University of Bristol, Barker Collection.
    Info in Record:
    • Puff for the performances of the Bedouin Arabs at the Theatre Royal, Brighton.
  • Brighton Herald October 2, 1847: Referenced in University of Bristol, Barker Collection.
    Info in Record:
    • Advertisement for performances by the Bedouin Arabs (between dramatic pieces) at the Theatre Royal, Brighton on October 2, 1847.
  • Brighton Herald July 10, 1847: Referenced in University of Bristol, Barker Collection.
    Info in Record:
    • Notice that the Managers of Vauxhall Gardens (London) have rented the Swiss Gardens on July 13 & 17. The attractions on these occasions are to include “the wonderful aerial flight of the Arabs.”
  • Brighton Herald July 3, 1848: Referenced in University of Bristol, Barker Collection.
    Info in Record:
    • Mention of “Gypsy Encampments” on a list of attractions at the Royal Gardens, Brighton during Grand Fetes on July 5-8.
  • Brighton Herald March 20, 1847: Referenced in University of Bristol, Barker Collection.
    Info in Record:
    • Advertisement for a performance of selections from Judas Maccabeus on March 25 at the Newburgh Rooms, Brighton.
  • Bristol Mercury November 27, 1847: Referenced in University of Bristol, Barker Collection.
    Info in Record:
    • Advertisement for Cooke’s Royal Circus, Bristol, which mentions that Monday, November 29 will be the first night of “St. George and the Dragon.”
  • Bristol Mercury September 25, 1847: Referenced in University of Bristol, Barker Collection.
    Info in Record:
    • Advertisement for performances at Doughty’s Concert Room. Listed artists include Ramo Samee and the American Antipodean Brothers.
  • Bristol Mercury August 7, 1847: Referenced in University of Bristol, Barker Collection.
    Info in Record:
    • Advertisement for a Grand Gala at the Zoo, including performances by Ramo Samee, on August 9, 1847.
  • Bristol Mirror July 31, 1847: Referenced in University of Bristol, Barker Collection.
    Info in Record:
    • Advertisement for a Grand Gala at the Zoo, including performances by Ramo Samee, on August 9, 1847.
  • Bristol Mercury March 6, 1847: Referenced in University of Bristol, Barker Collection.
    Info in Record:
    • Notice that a Mechanical Diorama of China will be exhibited at the Assembly Rooms (Bristol) starting on March 8, 1847.
  • Portsmouth Central Library, Historical Collections Playbill (Batty's) - July 29, 1847:
    Info in Record:
    • Advertisement for Astley’s Circus, at Batty’s Royal Arena (King Street, Southsea). The July 29 show is to include “a grand Cavalcade, entitled the Halt of the Arab Horde” and “Mr. J. Powell in a splendid Act as The Chinese Enchanter!”
  • Liverpool Record Office & Local History Library, Central Library, Liverpool Playbill (Theatre Royal) - November 4, 1847:
    Info in Record:
    • Playbill for Theatre-Royal, Liverpool. Mentions that November 4, 1847 will be the “last night but two” of both “The Bedouin Arabs” and “The Mexican Wonders, Santa Amesou and his Infant Son.”
  • Bell’s Life in London August 22, 1847: 2:1.
    Info in Record:
    • description of the exhibition of a “Chinese Collection at “Fair-field, near the Church, Bow, Xin Teen, ‘Golden Palace’”
  • Lambeth Public Archives, Vauxhall Gardens Collection 1822-54 Book, Playbill (August 2, 1847):
    Info in Record:
    • Vauxhall Playbill for the week of August 2. In addition to Collins, the bill also featured the Bedouin Arabs and Santa Ameson and Son
  • Bell’s Life in London July 25, 1847: 2:1.
    Info in Record:
    • Advertisment for the upcoming week at Vauxhall. Along with Collins, the advertised acts include the Bedouin Arabs.
  • Observer (London) June 27, 1847: 5.
    Info in Record:
    • Review of the Command Performance at Vauxhall Gardens (London) on June 26 that featured the Bedouin Arabs along with the Ethiopian Serenaders
  • Lambeth Public Archives, Vauxhall Gardens Collection 1822-54 Book, Playbill (July 5, 1847):
    Info in Record:
    • Vauxhall Playbill for July 5 & 6. In addition to Sharp’s minstrel songs, the bill also featured the Bedouin Arabs.
  • Bell’s Life in London June 27, 1847: 2:1.
    Info in Record:
    • Review of the Command Performance at Vauxhall Gardens (London) on June 26 that featured the Bedouin Arabs along with the Ethiopian Serenaders
  • Bell’s Life in London May 30, 1847: 2:1 .
    Info in Record:
    • Advertisement for the entertainments at the Grecian Saloon (London) on May 31-June 5. In addition to "More Ethiopians,” the bill also featured a play called "Aben Hassen"
  • Bell’s Life in London May 23, 1847: 2:1.
    Info in Record:
    • Advertisement for the entertainments at the Grecian Saloon (London) on May 24-29. In addition to "More Ethiopians" and a variety of minstrel songs, the bill also featured a play called "Aben Hassen"
  • Observer (London) February 28, 1847: 1.
    Info in Record:
    • Advertisement for a production of ‘The Merchant of Venice’ at the Olympic Theatre the following “Tuesday and Saturday” [though seems that this might be a typo - Friday rather than Saturday?] J.R. Scott, “the American tragedian,” stars as Shylock.
  • Observer (London) August 24, 1847: 5.
    Info in Record:
    • Mention of “Dimond’s Eastern burletta of ‘Abon Hassan’” amongst the recent acts on the variety bill at the Grecian Saloon. (“Ethiopian Serenaders, male and female” also listed).
  • Observer (London) August 24, 1847: 5.
    Info in Record:
    • Description of recent entertainments at Astley’s Amphitheatre that includes mention of “the oriental spectacle of ‘The Bride of Abydos.’” Also: Description of recent entertainments at the Royal Italian Opera, Covent Garden. Includes includes mention of “Rossini’s opera of ‘Semiramide,’ [with] Grisi appearing as Egypt’s queen.” In another section (of this lengthy article): Brief listing of the entertainments to take place at Her Majesty’s Theatre the following Tuesday. The ballet is to be “La Esmeralda.”
  • Observer (London) April 25, 1847: 1.
    Info in Record:
    • Advertisement for the following week at Drury Lane, which includes several performances of the “new and original oriental, operatic spectacle, called The Desert; or, The Imaum’s Daughter
  • Observer (London) April 4, 1847: 1.
    Info in Record:
    • Listing of the next day (April 5)’s entertainments at Drury Lane. Includes “A new and original oriental, operatic spectacle, called The Desert; or, The Imaum’s Daughter” as one of the acts.
  • Observer (London) May 2, 1847: 1.
    Info in Record:
    • Advertisement for a benefit performance on May 3 at Drury Lane, which lists the “popular musical play of Guy Mannering; or, The Gipsy’s Prophecy,” and “the grand spectacle of The Desert” (including “Mr. Hughes’ Mammoth Establishment”) amongst the acts offered. (The New Orleans Ethiopian Serenaders are also slated to give a concert at this event)
  • Bell’s Life in London July 4, 1847: 3:1.
    Info in Record:
    • Performance Type: Variety
    • Troupe Name: “the Arabs”
    • Days & Times: “last Thursday night”
    • Venue Name: Vauxhall Gardens
    • Other Acts on Bill: “J.F. Sharpe, in his songs of 'Jinny Lynd' and 'Going out Shopping”, “the three Miss Turners, known as the Elphin Band, gave a concert on the harp and violin”, “a tiny danseuse, Miss Rosina Ryan, from the Italian Opera” in “a pas seul”, “the petite Loisset went through an act of horsemanship a la Ducrow," “Robert Bertrand” (a ballet, featuring Miss Wright, W. H. Payne and Tom Matthews)
    • Other: audience, context, description/review, reception
  • Bell’s Life in London April 11, 1847: 3:1 .
    Info in Record:
    • Performance Type: Dramatic
    • Performers Listed: Mr Rafter, Miss Messent,
    • Days & Times: “on Monday night” (past)
    • Venue Name: Drury Lane
    • Other Acts on Bill: “Maritana” (opera).
    • Program Info: “the new and original Oriental operatic spectacle […] “The Desert, or the Imaum’s Daughter” … with all due Oriental pomp and pageantry”, “A pretty cavatina, “Sweet Charity,” sung by Miss Messent; the air, “All is Changed,” two charming ballads, “Red and the Roses,” and “Listen to Humming Bird!” sung by Mr Rafter”.
    • Other: description/review, (imagery)